Imishini Yokukhupha Yama-CNC | Ukukhupha Okuphelele Kwezinkampani Zokuphatha I-automotive Nezincamango

Zonke Izigaba

Thola Isilinganiso Samahhala

Ummeleli wethu uzokuthinta masisha.
I-imeyili
Iselula/WhatsApp
WeChat
Linkedin
Igama
Igama Lenkampani
Umyalezo
0/1000
Okunamathiselwe
Sicela ulayishe okungenani okunamathiselwe kwi-imeyili
Up to 3 files,more 30mb,suppor jpg、jpeg、png、pdf、doc、docx、xls、xlsx、csv、txt
Imishini Yokusebenza Kakhulu Yokufaka Emacineni Yokwenza Iziphakamiso

Imishini Yokusebenza Kakhulu Yokufaka Emacineni Yokwenza Iziphakamiso

Imishini yethu ye-CNC Lathe iyadlala indima esiphambaneni sokuphatha ngokupheleleyo, isinika ukuphatha ngokupheleleyo, ukubuyela phakathi kweminyaka, nokuthola isikhundla esingaphansi kwezindawo eziphambili njengezindawo zokuphatha izihlangu, izindawo zokuphatha amasipho, izindawo zokuphatha amasipho asemedisini, nokuphatha ngokupheleleyo. Iyakhulwa ngamabedhi we-cast iron engenakwenzeka ukungena emkhawulweni, amaguideways angathathwa ngokupheleleyo futhi angathathwa ngokupheleleyo, nezimoto zokuphatha ezinamandla, lezi zimishini ziyabuyela phakathi kweminyaka yezimicelo yomkhawuli wokuphatha ngokupheleleyo nangokugcina umkhawuli wokuphatha ngokupheleleyo. Isibonelo, umthunywa wokuphatha izihlangu we-Europe wabona ukuphatha ngokupheleleyo okungu-22% futhi ukuphatha ngokupheleleyo okungu-35% emva kokufaka imishini yethu ye-CNC Lathe ekhaya lakho lokuphatha izihlangu zokuphatha izihlangu zokuphatha izihlangu. Umkontrolleli we-CNC uyasebenza ngokupheleleyo, uyeleka kwezinhlobo zokuphatha ngokupheleleyo, izinkampani zokuphatha ngokupheleleyo, nokuphatha ngokupheleleyo, ukuze kusukwe ngokupheleleyo ekhaya lokuphatha ngokupheleleyo. Ngamashidi we-spindle angaphezu kwe-4,500 rpm, amashidi we-rapid traverse angaphezu kwe-30 m/min, nokubuyela phakathi kweminyaka yoku-±0.005 mm, imishini yethu ye-CNC Lathe iyasebenza ngokupheleleyo kuzo zonke izigaba zokuphatha ngokupheleleyo.
Thola Isilinganiso

Usomiso Lwesicatshulwa

Imishini yethu ye-CNC Lathe iyadlala indima esiphambaneni sokuphatha ngokupheleleyo, isinika ukuphatha ngokupheleleyo, ukubuyela phakathi kweminyaka, nokuthola isikhundla esingaphansi kwezindawo eziphambili njengezindawo zokuphatha izihlangu, izindawo zokuphatha amasipho, izindawo zokuphatha amasipho asemedisini, nokuphatha ngokupheleleyo. Iyakhulwa ngamabedhi we-cast iron engenakwenzeka ukungena emkhawulweni, amaguideways angathathwa ngokupheleleyo futhi angathathwa ngokupheleleyo, nezimoto zokuphatha ezinamandla, lezi zimishini ziyabuyela phakathi kweminyaka yezimicelo yomkhawuli wokuphatha ngokupheleleyo nangokugcina umkhawuli wokuphatha ngokupheleleyo. Isibonelo, umthunywa wokuphatha izihlangu we-Europe wabona ukuphatha ngokupheleleyo okungu-22% futhi ukuphatha ngokupheleleyo okungu-35% emva kokufaka imishini yethu ye-CNC Lathe ekhaya lakho lokuphatha izihlangu zokuphatha izihlangu zokuphatha izihlangu. Umkontrolleli we-CNC uyasebenza ngokupheleleyo, uyeleka kwezinhlobo zokuphatha ngokupheleleyo, izinkampani zokuphatha ngokupheleleyo, nokuphatha ngokupheleleyo, ukuze kusukwe ngokupheleleyo ekhaya lokuphatha ngokupheleleyo. Ngamashidi we-spindle angaphezu kwe-4,500 rpm, amashidi we-rapid traverse angaphezu kwe-30 m/min, nokubuyela phakathi kweminyaka yoku-±0.005 mm, imishini yethu ye-CNC Lathe iyasebenza ngokupheleleyo kuzo zonke izigaba zokuphatha ngokupheleleyo.

Ukuvutha Ukuproducwa Kwe-Shaft Yemoto Ngama-30% Ngokusebenzisa i-Cnc Lathe Machine

Umphakeli wamaphartsi we-automotive owaphakathi eJalimani wabona ukungafanisi kwe-machining yamashafthi we-transmission ngokusebenzisa amalathe omanye. Babefuna ukuphakama kwe-throughput nokuhlanukile kwe-concentricity. Sibhishile amane amakhompyutha we-Cnc Lathe Machine esebenzisa amabar feeder omnye nesilive tooling. Isiphumo: ukuproducwa kwalandela ngama-30%, isiphumela sokungahlanukile kwe-concentricity sivalele ku-0.01 mm, futhi i-overall equipment effectiveness (OEE) yavalele kusuka ku-65% ku-82% ngeminyaka emithathu. Umkhungikazi manje uyasebenza ngeminyaka eyodwa ngeminyaka eyodwa ngokungafanisi kwezindaba zokulawula, futhi isiphumela sokungabiyo sivalele kusuka ku-5% ku-1.2%, okusivumela ukuthinteka kwe-€120,000 ngonyaka.

Ukuvutha Ubunzima Bemiphiqo Yemihlaba Ngokusebenzisa i-Cnc Lathe Machine

Ikompani yesifundo sezempilo esiphakeme e-United States isafuna ukusebenzisa i-bone screws yase-titanium ngokusebenza kwe-Cnc Lathe Machine ngezindlela zokubhekana nezinkinga zokugcina izilinganiso nezidingo zokugcina ubukhulu bezinye. I-Cnc Lathe Machine yethu ene-high-pressure coolant nezintshayelelo ezispeciale ibonisa ukubuyela phakathi kwe-±0.003 mm nokugcina ubukhulu bezinye be-Ra 0.4 µm. Umsebenzisi wabona ukongezwa kwe-40% kwesiphumo futhi waphumelela emaqheshini ase-FDA ngaphandle kokungabi nolwazi lokungabiyo. Izimboni zihamba ngamashishini amathathu ngeminyaka emibili nge-98% yokuqhubeka, futhi umsebenzisi wazilanda izimboni eziyisithupha ezinguqukileyo kwezindawo zakhe ezintsha.

Imikhiqizo Ehlobene

Imishini yomsebenzi we-Cnc Lathe yakhuthazile umsebenzi wokuphatha kwezinsiza ngokudibanisa ukuphatha kwemikhili nezinhlayo zokuphatha ngendlela yokubhala, kusukela ekuphatheni okuphambili ngokuphatha kahle. Kwa-Taizhou Chuang Yuan Machine Tool Co., Ltd., sizihlale esibhekene nalesi simiso since 2003, sibhakha isifundo, ukuthuthukisa, ukuproducwa nokuthengiswa ukuze sifakwe imishini yomsebenzi we-Cnc Lathe okufanele izinkinga eziphakeme zezindustria zasezweni lonke. Umsebenzi wethu wokuproducwa uyadlula ngokuphatha kwe-structural ngokusebenzisa i-finite element analysis (FEA) ukuze kuvunyelwe ukuthi imishini iyasibonakalisa ngokuphakeme kanye nokuthintana kwezinkathi. Amaphakathi ayathengiswa kuma-foundries atholakileyo futhi ayaphatha ngokuzimisa ngokuzenzakalelayo ngeminyaka emithathu ukuze kususwane amandla angaphakathi. Amaguideways ayaphatha ngokuphatha kwe-CNC grinder ukuze kufanekwe ukuthi ayisibonakalisa ngokuphakeme kanye nokuthintana kwezinkathi. Amashinisi ayaphatha emaphondweni aphatha ngokulinganisa kwezinkathi futhi ayabhalwa ngokuphatha kwe-dynamic balance kwi-grade ye-G1.0, kusukela ekuphatheni kwezinkathi ezingu-4,500 rpm ngokuphakeme kanye nokuthintana kwezinkathi. Imishini yomsebenzi ye-Cnc Lathe yonke iyaphatha ngokuphatha kwe-Fanuc noma kwe-Siemens CNC system, amaservo drives, kanye namaball screws aphatha ngokuphakeme, ukuze kuvunyelwe ukuthi kuyaphatha ngokuphakeme kanye nokuthintana kwezinkathi. Ukuphatha kwezinkathi kwe-quality control kufaka ukuphatha kwe-laser interferometer ukuze kuvunyelwe ukuthi kuyaphatha ngokuphakeme kanye nokuphatha kwe-circular okuphatha kabusha ukuze kuvunyelwe ukuthi kuyaphatha ngokuphakeme kwe-contouring. Ngokuphatha kwezinkathi zasezweni lonke, imishini yomsebenzi ye-Cnc Lathe yethu iyasebenzisa emazwe angu-20, isebenza kwezindustria zokuphatha kwe-automotive, aerospace, oil and gas, kanye ne-medical. Isibonelo, umthengisi we-oil and gas wase-Canada use imishini yethu ukuphatha amadrum collars kwe-Inconel 718, ukufikwa kwe-tolerance ye-0.02 mm kanye nokuthinta kwe-tool life ngokuphakeme kwe-30% kunamashini asezingeni elidlule. Kwezindustria zokuphatha kwe-aerospace, umthengisi wase-France uphatha amaphakathi we-landing gear kwe-Cnc Lathe Machine yethu, ukufikwa kwe-AS9100 standards ngokuphakeme kanye nokuthinta kwe-zero defects ngemiphakathi engu-10,000. Imishini yethu ibhakha kwezindustria zokuphatha zokuthintana kwezinkathi ngokuthintana kwe-energy consumption per part ngokuphakeme kwe-15% ngokuphatha kwe-optimized spindle kanye ne-servo control. Sifurnisha ukuphatha kwe-training, ukuphatha kwe-remote diagnostics, kanye nokuthengiswa kwe-spare parts ukuze kuvunyelwe ukuthi kuyasebenza ngokuphakeme. Ngokuthintana kwezinkathi zokuthuthukisa kanye nokuthintana kwezinkathi zokuthanda kwezinkathi, imishini yomsebenzi ye-Cnc Lathe yethu iyasebenza ngokuphakeme kwezindustria zasezweni lonke ukuze kufike kwezinkathi zokuphatha ngokuphakeme kanye nokuthintana kwezinkathi zokuphatha ngokuphakeme.

Imibuzo Evame Ukubuzwa

Izimali ziziphi ozinokuzisebenzisa ngokusebenza kwe-Cnc Lathe Machine?

Imishini yethu ye-CNC Lathe iyadesigniwa ukusebenzisa izinto eziningi kakhulu, kufaka emanzini amaningi, amasithili e-carbon, amasithili e-stainless, i-aluminum, i-brass, i-titanium, nokwezinye izinhlobo zezinkulungwane ezihlukene njenge-Inconel. Ngamathooli okanye izindlela zokuphatha okuhlanganisiwe, iyakwazi ukusebenza ngokuphelele kwezinhlobo eziningi zezinto ezinomthubi wokuphakama kakhulu kwe-45 HRC. Kumaqanda amaningi, sizimisele amathooli e-ceramic noma e-CBN. Isikhundla esikhulu samashini ne-spindle enomthelela omkhulu ekwenzeni ukusebenza ngokuphelele kwezinhlobo eziningi zezinto, futhi leyo iyasebenza kahle kwezinhlobo zezinto zokusebenza kwezinsizakalo zezwe lokugcina nokusebenza kwezinsizakalo zokugcina. Sisiza ngamathooli okuyisikhiwo noma izindlela zokusebenza ngokuphelele kwezinhlobo zezinto zakho nokubala kwezinhlobo zezinto zakho.
Sisebenzisa iziqephu esikhulu esifana nezinqamuzi zokugcina, izindlela zokuhamba ngokungena ngokupheleleyo, nokuvumela ukubhalwa kwezinkumbulo ngokupheleleyo. Ngisho noma yimini yokuqala, umshini wethu uyaphatha ukulungiswa ngolaser nokuzama ukuthi ubunzima bukhona ngokupheleleyo phambi kokuthunyelwa, okuvumela ukuthi ukubhalwa kwezinkumbulo kubhekene ne-±0.005 mm futhi ukubuyela emva kubhekene ne-±0.003 mm. Ukuze ubunzima bube khona, sizimela ukuthinteka kahle kanye nokulubula, ukuchaza ukuthi izihlangu ziyabhekene ngokupheleleyo, nokulungisa ukuthi izindlela ziyabhekene ngokupheleleyo. Isistimu sethu sokufunda ngendlela engafihliyo isibonisa ubunzima bomshini futhi isibonisa abasebenzi ngemiphumela engeyona mthwalo, okunciphisa ukungasebenzi. Ngokusebenzisa ngokupheleleyo, umshini wetu we-Cnc Lathe uyabekha ubunzima bakhe ngaphezu kwezinyanga ezilishumi.
Kulungile kakhulu. Imishini yethu ye-Cnc Lathe iyalungiswa ngemifanekiso emiselweyo yebhara feyedha, amaloda we-gantry, nemayilayi yezibonakaliso. Siyavumela i-Ethernet/IP, i-Profibus, nabanye amaprothokholi okuxhumana ukuze kwenziwe ukuxhumana kahle nesistimu sezixhumano zemithombo. Abaningi abasebenzisi bakhona bakhumelela ngempumelelo imishini yethu nezibonakaliso zokusebenza ngokungathandabuzi. Sihlanganisa futhi izinkampani zokusebenza ngokwanele ezifana neziconveyor nezicatcher zezinye izinto. Isiqondisi sethu se-engineering sisebenza ngokushesha nawe ukuze sibhekise isivumelwano sokusebenza ngokwanele esihle kakhulu, ukuze sibeke isikhundla sokuphatha kahle nokubaluleka kwezinkinga.
Isikhathi esisiseko sokufakwa kuyi-60-90 emaswakilini kusukela kubonakalisa ukuthi kuyaphakanyiswa njani. Sisiza ngokuphelele emva kokuthengiswa, okufakwe kulo ukufaka, ukugqamisa, ukufundisa abasebenzi, nokuvumela isibindi sokuziphatha ngeminyaka miyane. Isivumelwano sethu seservisi yasezweni lonke sisebenza ezingaphezu kwezimithandathu izwe, nesitayela sezinkampani zase-Europe, North America, ne-Asia. Sisiza ngokulandela indlela yokuvula ingxenye yokuqondana ngokusebenzisa i-VPN futhi sifuna ukufika phansi ngemihlanu emibili uma kunezinkinga eziningi. Isilungelo sethu siyakuthintela ukuthi imishini yakho ibe yisikhathi eside sokusebenza futhi sibone ukuthi ubunzima bakho buyakhula.
Imishini yethu ye-Cnc Lathe iyathumela indlela enobungozi obuhle phakathi kwezindlela zokuthenga nezindlela zokusebenza. Nakuba sisebenzisa izinto eziphakeme ezifanayo nezintloko zezindawo zokuthenga, ukuthengiswa kwethu okuphambukile nokusebenza okuphambukile kusiza ukuthi sithumele izindlela zokuthenga ezinobungozi obuhle ngaphandle kokubeka ubungozi lobungozi. Abakholwa bahlala bathola umkhondo wokubuyela emva kwezinsuku ezingu-12–18 ngokuvutha kwezindlela zokusebenza nekuphula kwezinto ezingavumelekileyo. Sinenzelela ngezindlela zokuthenga ezinokuguqulwa futhi ngezindlela zokuhlela isikhumba sokusebenza ukuze sibuyeke isikhumba sakho. Ngokuphula kwezindlela zokuhlela nezindlela zokusebenza okuphambukile, imishini yethu ye-Cnc Lathe iyathumela ubungozi obuhle bokuthenga kwezinto zonke.

Izihloko Ezihlobene

Indlela yokuphatha efanele yokunemba kwemishini enganele yomshini wokusika ucingo olusheshayo

13

Dec

Indlela yokuphatha efanele yokunemba kwemishini enganele yomshini wokusika ucingo olusheshayo

Bheka Okuningi
Ukwenza ukuthintana kwezinkotho zemashini yezinsimbi ngokwesikhundla sokuthintana kwezinsimbi zokuphatha izinsimbi eziningi

03

Aug

Ukwenza ukuthintana kwezinkotho zemashini yezinsimbi ngokwesikhundla sokuthintana kwezinsimbi zokuphatha izinsimbi eziningi

Ukuqonda Izinkinga Zokuproducwa Kwezinsimbi Eziningi Ukuphatha izinkinga zokuproducwa kwezinsimbi eziningi kufuna ukuziqonda kahle kwezindlela zokufaka izinsimbi, iziphakade zemikhono yezinsimbi, nokuthintana kwezinsimbi ngamaphuzu amaningi kwezinkotho zokuproducwa kwezinsimbi...
Bheka Okuningi
Ukuthi yini indlela yokuphepha ukugqibela kwezinto zokubhala ngokuzimisa kwezindlela zokusebenza zemishini zokubhala emanzini aphezulu

03

Aug

Ukuthi yini indlela yokuphepha ukugqibela kwezinto zokubhala ngokuzimisa kwezindlela zokusebenza zemishini zokubhala emanzini aphezulu

Ukuzwa ngemithambo Yezindlela Zokubhala Emazini Aphezulu Ukusebenzisa izindlela zokubhala emanzini aphezulu nokusebenza kwezindawo eziningi kwezindlela zokuproducwa kwezindustria kubonisa izinkinga ezingaphezulu zokugqibela nokusebenza okungahleli, okuzimelela izinto zokubhala. U...
Bheka Okuningi
Izindlela zokuhlanganisa izindlela zokuthengiswa kwezinto ezihlukene zokuthatha amasimbi okwakhiwa ngokuphelele

03

Aug

Izindlela zokuhlanganisa izindlela zokuthengiswa kwezinto ezihlukene zokuthatha amasimbi okwakhiwa ngokuphelele

Ukuziqonda Ukuthengiswa Kwemizinsa YaseNingizani Kwezinkulungwane Zokuthenga Ngokuphelele Ukubuka kwezindlela eziqinile zokuthengiswa kwezinkulungwane zasekhaya kufuneka kubhekwe kwezindlela zokuthenga zokuphelele zokuthenga kwezinto zokuthenga ngokuphelele...
Bheka Okuningi

Ubufakazi Bamakhasimende

John Smith, Umphathi wezokuphatha kwezindawo zokuphatha i-Hydratech Industries, i-USA
Ukunemba Okungavamile Nokwethenjelwa

Sithenge izimbili zemishini ye-Cnc Lathe ukusebenzisa amasilinda we-hydraulic. Imishini yayisebenza ngendlela enobungozi obuhle ngamazinsuku amathathu, ibe yadlala ngokuphambuka kwezinsuku ezingu-0.01 mm. Ubungozi bokuthenga kwethu buhlelwe kwezinsuku ezingu-4% ku-0.8%, futhi ukuthengiswa kwezinto kwezinsuku kwezinkulu kwezinsuku ezingu-25%. Ukuhlanganisa kuka-Taizhou Chuang Yuan kuyabonakala ngendlela enobungozi obuhle; babuyisela umbuzo omncane ngamasonto amabili. Sihlanganisa ngendlela enobungozi obuhle imishini yabo ye-Cnc Lathe.

Anna Müller, Umphathi we-Müller Precision, i-Jermani
Inani Elikhulu Lemali

Ngokubanzi kokuthi sibuyela ngokufana nesikhundla, sizofuna i-Cnc Lathe Machine esingakwaziyo ukuyithenga kodwa isebenza kahle. I-machi yase-Taizhou Chuang Yuan yayisiphumo esihle kakhulu. Kube yilokho esibalulekile ukusetha, futhi ukufundisa okukhona kwasobala kakhulu. Sifaka amasikhathi okusebenza ngamashumi ayisithupha (18%) futhi sifaka ubukhulu bethu. Ubukhulu be-machi buyabiza ukuthi singathatha izindlela eziningi kwe-stainless steel ngaphandle kokuzwa ukuthi kubhekana. Isikhwama esihle.

Thola Isilinganiso Samahhala

Ummeleli wethu uzokuthinta masisha.
I-imeyili
Igama
Igama Lenkampani
Umyalezo
0/1000
Ubukhulu obuhle Ukusebenza kwezindawo ezingaphezulu

Ubukhulu obuhle Ukusebenza kwezindawo ezingaphezulu

Imishini yethu ye-Cnc Lathe iyaphakamisa ubunzima obungcono kwezinkamba zokuphakama kwezincwadi zezinkamba, okuhlinzekile ukuthi kubhekise amathuba okukhanya kanye nokuthintana ngokuphelele xa kufakwa kwezinkamba ezinkulu. Ibedi yekhast ayiron iyalindelwe futhi iyalwaziwa ngokuphelele ukuze isebenze njengesikhundla esihle sokuphakama kwezinkamba zokuphakama, izinkamba zokugcina, kanye nezinkamba zokuhambisa. Lokhu kubonakalisa ukuthi kungafakwa kwezinkamba ngokuphelele, okunciphisa amasikhathi okusebenza ngu-30% kunye neshini engeziwe. Kusukela emsebenzini wase-UK wezinkamba zokuphakama kwezilayili zokushaya nezilayili zokuphakama, imishini yethu ye-Cnc Lathe yayisebenza ngempumelelo ekufakweni kwezinkamba zika-Inconel 718 ngokuphakama kwe-5 mm kanye nokufaka ngu-0.3 mm/rev, okuthola ukuthi kufakwa kwezinkamba kungaphezulu ngu-40% kunye nomshini wabo odlule. Ukubheka kwezinkamba kuyabonakalisa ukuthi izinkamba ziyadlula ngokuphelele, okunciphisa ukuthintana okuthinta izinkamba. Ngaphezu kwalokho, ukubheka kwezinkamba kuyabonakalisa ukuthi kuyasebenza ngokuphelele ngokuphakama kwezinkamba, okuthinta ukuthintana kwezinkamba ngokuphelele. Lokhu kuyenza imishini yethu ye-Cnc Lathe ibe yinto ephakeme kumaqembu ase- aerospace, ase-defense, kanye namaqembu ase-heavy equipment, apho ukubheka kwezinkamba kanye nokuthintana kwezinkamba kuyisifunda esiphakeme.
Ukuvavanya kwe-CNC okuphelele kubaphakathi abaningi

Ukuvavanya kwe-CNC okuphelele kubaphakathi abaningi

Iyaphakathi kwe-“Fanuc” noma “Siemens CNC” esintu sokuziphatha, isikhombisa sakithi sase-Cnc Lathe Machine sibonisa ukusebenza kahle kakhulu kuma-geometry amaningi. Umkhiqizo wokuziphatha uyasebenza kuma-axes angu-4, umsebenzi wokufaka izinto ezihlukene (live tooling), nokubhekisela kuma-axes e-C, okunika ukusebenza kwe-milling, drilling, nakwe-tapping ngomkhakha omunye. Lokhu kunciphisa ukusebenzisa izinto futhi kubuyisela ubukhulu bokuphakamisa ukuphakamisa. Umphakeli wezinto zokuziphatha kwe-Swiss wasebenzisa isikhombisa sakithi sase-Cnc Lathe Machine ukwenza izinto eziningi ngokuphakamisa ukuphakamisa kwe-0.005 mm, okwakwenzeka ukuphakamisa ukusebenza ngama-35% futhi ukususa ukusebenza kwezinye izikhathi. Isikhombisa esihle kakhulu sokuziphatha nokusebenza kahle kokubhala iziprogram, kungakhathalela iziprogram ezizimangalisayo (canned cycles) nokubhala iziprogram ezinamandla (macro programming), kunciphisa isikhathi sokubhala iziprogram ngama-50%. Umkhiqizo wethu wokuziphatha wase-CNC uyaphakathi kwe-adaptive feed control nakwe-tool life management, okuhlela izimo zokuchitha futhi ukuvikela ukuchithwa kwamathool. Ngokusebenzisa ukubuka kusuka emuva nokubona ukuthi kungani (remote monitoring and diagnostics), singasiza kulo lonke indawo yasezulwini. Lokhu umkhiqizo oziningi wokuziphatha wase-CNC wakha isikhombisa sakithi sase-Cnc Lathe Machine ukwahluka njengomkhakha omuhle kubabhalali abafuna ukuphakamisa ukusebenza kahle nokuphakamisa ukusebenza kahle.
Whatsapp  Whatsapp I-imeyili I-imeyili Iselula Iselula PHAKATHIPHAKATHI