I-Lathe: Ithuluzi Elijwayelekile Lokuphendula Nokwakha Izingxenye Zensimbi

Ukuqonda Ithuluzi Lomshini Wensimbi Wokujika Nokubumba

Imicwele izilalela kakhulu lapho kusebenza ngemvelaphi fanye nokwenza amachiza. Isicatamlalo sibonakala ngokuthi yinto encane futhi: ulayisela isiqingatha foyikela isixhobo sokuchiza sikhulu, okuvumela abasebenzisi ukuchitha amagugu esibonelo ukwenza amaphathi amathathu okanye amaphathi atholene. Lezi zinhlobo zemisindleko zibonakala kwezindlu zokusebenza ezincane fanye nezikhulu kanti asinakuthintwa ukwenza lezi zinhlobo zemigugu yemvelaphi ezidingekayo kakhulu. Khumbula ngezinhlobo zemoto noma izinhlobo zemali, lapho ngamagugu amancane ngamunye kufanele ayehlise ngokuphelele ukuze konke kube yini.

Ngokwesibonelo, indlela ekusebenzisa ngayo i-lathe kuyindlela ethile. Isiqhelo esisebenziwa kuyo sibandakanya ngwhile isixhobo sokukhupha sikhala phakathi. Oku kuvumela ukukhupha okuphezulu kwezinto, oku kuthiwa siphumelela nokuthola imiphumo emininzi ngaphandle kokuthatha inani elikhulu lezinto. Xa into enye iyabandakanya kwi-lathe, isixhobo sokukhupha siyabaleka ngayo ngokwemigaqo ethunyelweyo, siyayila isiqhelo kuya kwezilinganiso eziyafuneka kulo ncambo.

Xa kuxoxa ngemachini yoku tirasha, kukhona amaqhinga angamaqoqo angafanele athintwe: isitandwa yabo yabo yona into enjengoba yona umqoqo wazo wonke. Ukuhamba ngapansi kwalokhu umqoqo kukhona ikhavuleza enye ithutha amathuluzi wokugaya ezahlukene ngapansi kwebhlokwe. Kuma bhlokwe amadle, noma xa kudinga ukwesekwa okuningi, itayilisitokhi iyakhala leyo enza ukuba nezithuluzi ezahlukene noma ukwesekela amagugu xa kusebenzisa. Fungase kona isipindili leyo yabo yona enza ukuba isheshisa leyo kusebenziswe. Wonke le mqoqo enye ukusebenza kuzo kwenza ukuba kunikwe amanqaku ukwenza amasebenzi amaningi athola ukuya kugaya olulodwa ukuya kumaqondo amakhubazwe njengokudibanisa amagugu noma ukubhola amagugu ngokudibeneka okusebenziswa kakhulu emithonjeni yoku dibanisa emhlabeni wonke.

Izinhlobo Zomshini Wokugaya Izinsimbi Ezitholakala Ekucutshungweni Kwensimbi

Izinhini zokulayisha zinemfundo ebalulekile kakhulu ekhaya lokuqina komoya ngaso sonke. Ukujwayele ukuthi yiliphi uhlobo lwaleli zinhini kuyindlela yokuthola ukuthi kuthini okwenzeka ngempumelelo. Sebenzisa izinhini zokulayisha i-engine njengesibonelo, ngokubaluleke kakhulu kuleli qoqo, engenzelwa yonke into kusukela kuzindlela zokulayisha ezijwayelekile kuya kuzo ezinkulu futhi ezifushane. Abasebenzisa amakhweyitshela nezimpilo zokushunca izinhloso ziyasebenzisa kakhulu lezi zinhini ukwenza izinto eziphansi futhi ezibaluleke ezifakwa kumanjini, kwezithunyelwano, nezinye izinto ezinkulu. Okubalulekile kakhulu ngokweqile kuleli zinhini yisicaba esijwayelekile saso nezinhlelo esingcono ukuthi abasebenzisi bakwazi ukufumana imiphumela emijwayelekile futhi emijwayelekile noma lapho kuzochwepheswa ukusebenza okuningi ngokulandelana noma ngokuphela.

Iziturrelwe ziyindlela ebonisa xa kusebenzela kwezindlela zokwenza okufanayo. Zidaliwe ngokuzwa ngokushintsha izixhobo ngokukhawuleza, okwenza wabo ngokulinganayo amakhampelo abadinga ukwenza amaqondo ngokukhawuleza. Ngokwesibonelo, kwi industri yeelekthronika, lapho izinkampani zidinga izinto ezifanayo ezingu-1000 zilima ngelinye. Lezi zixhobo zimima isikhathi esifutshane phakathi kwezinye izinyathelo ngoba abasebenzisi akudingi ukushintsha izixhobo ngalezi. Abasebenzisi le mikhumbazo yezinto ezisetyenziswa yabo le nto ngokulinganayo ngokuba kunika amaphesheya amancinci kwaye akunandi ukunqamla kwaye kunokwenzeka ukuba kube khona isantya sokunye.

I-CNC lathes nguqukumezelwe okuphambene nezinhlobo zokwenza izindlela zokusebenza ngokomthetho, kubikwa kakhulu ukunciphisa ukungcono ngokuphelele futhi kwenza amakhweyana aphezulu kakhulu aqondakala ngokusebenzisa izinkomba zokudlala. Isipho sezingceke zokubambisa nezinkomba ezinhle eziphethe kakhulu kusebenzisa lezi zinhine ngemisebenzi yazo ngoba zidinga amaphethini anedetail ezinhle kanye nezibalo eziphelele. Okukhethekile kakhulu ku-CNC lathes kukuthi kusebenzisa izinsiza zokuphrinta ngokomthetho ukuze wenze amaphethini amathiselwe okungakhona kungasebenzi ngendlela yokwenza ngokwesiko. Wonke amaphethini atholakala ngendlela ngokwesibonelo ayavuma ukulinganisa okuphelele kokuqondile kakhulu okudingekayo ngemindeni lezinhlobo. Futhi kungase kube yimaliphi ukuthi kubhekwe ukuthuthukwa kokuqondisa ngokomthetho okwenza ukuthi kunciphe ukuthetha kwabantu kwezinyathelo zokwenza, okwenza ukuthi kube nezinhlobo ezinhle kakhulu zokwenza ngokomthetho.

Ukuhlu lwezinhlobo zezinhlobo zemashini zokulayisha, kusuka kuzinhlobo zemoto layisha kuya kuzinhlobo zemashini amabhuku layisha, ayinikela izindustri izisombululo eziyinhlokelela ezifanayo nezidinga zazo zokuproduka, okuholela kakhulu kwezifiso nokwebo lapho kuhlelwa.

Izinzuzo Zokusebenzisa Imishini Yama-Lathes Ekubumbeni Izinsimbi

Izinhlobo zemashini zokulayisha yizizakhi zokwenza umsebenzi olungileyo, okunikeza abasebenzisi inkimbuko yobukhulu ngemboni yokulinganisa nokwebo lapho kuhlelwa okudingekayo ukwenza izindawo zemali. Izinhlobo zemashini zingase kufinyelela kumakro, okuyindlela esiyinhlokelela xa kwenziwa izindawo ezidinga ukulinganisa okuphelele nokwebo lapho kuhlelwa. Kwezindlela zokuproduka eziyinhlanu, le ngxenye yokuqondile yingxenye esiyinhlokelela kakhulu. Noma ngubani, izindawo zokukhula kwezinhlobo zemashini, lapho isiqingatha se milimita engu-0.001 singase yisikhathi esifinyelela ukusebenza kwemali noma ukuphazimiseka kwezinhlobo ezinhlelweyo.

Imimithi yesikhova iyahluka ngokuthi ingezwa ukwenza izinto eziningi. Iziphakamiso zazo ziphakathi kwekhiya amaphathi okwenza kanye nokuphumelela okukhiya ngokukhawuleza kuzo zonke izinkampani. Faka phakathi kwekhiya yamagunya lapho ukwabiwa kungukungcelo, noma izindlu zokuhlela zonke ukuthola amaphathi amathiselwe - imimithi iyakhiwa konke lokhu ngokuthi ingezwa ukusebenza nezindlela eziningi nezimo. Ukuhlelwa kwalokho kuyakhiwa imimithi enqoqweni yezindlu zokuhlela zonke. Abasebenzisa izinhlelo balela kubo hhayi noma balela ukwenza amaphathi amaningi futhi abeke amaphathi angafani noma kungcono.

Imiphumano yokwenza iyaphakama ngokukhulu lapho abasebenzisa izinhini zokulala, ngokwemibiko yesipohli esibonisa ukuthi izigaba sokwenza siyaphakama ngenkathi inkosi yamaphetholeli yekhulu. Lapho lezi zinhini zihlaywa ngokukhulu, zikunciphisa isikhathi esetshenziswa ekwenzeni amaphetholeli futhi zikunciphisa kakhulu okunye kwamagugu amabi asebenziswa ngemva kokulala. Kakhulu kwezifosi, lokhu kusho ukuthi kunciphiselwa imali ehlukwe amagugu futhi kudalelwe inkulu enyamkela kwezinhloso zokulandela. Ukukhula ngokukhula kanye nokunciphisa inkulu yamaphetholeli kuchaza ngani kakhulu amakhampani ayashintsha ukulala ngokukhulu. Izifosi zokulungisa izinhloso kudinga kakhulu lezi zinhini ukuze akhulume amaphetholeli engu-1000 ngosuku ngaphandle kokuthungatha noma ukuthinte izindleko.

Izici Eziyinhloko Okufanele Uzifune Emshinini Wensimbi Wokugaya Odayiswayo

Ukuthenga i-metali lathe kudinga ukubheka amandla wesicathami nokulandelana kwesivinini kuqala. Imandla yesicathami iyachaza kanjani isikhathi isikhakha lihlela amasebenzi ashisayo nekusebenzisa amagqamane amahlu. Imandla ephezulu iyachaza ukusebenza okuhle kwisekela futhi ingasebenzi ngemisebenzi encane ngaphandle kokuphulwa. Kudinga futhi ukulandelana kwesivinini ngoba kuvumela abasebenzisi ukulungisa ngokucacile isikhakha ngokuthi yini esehlweni ngalunye. Isibonelo, amagqamane amcane angadinga izivinini ezimcane ake amagqamane amakhulu adinga izivinini eziphezulu. Ngaphambi kokuthenga, chazi ukuthi yimalini amagqamane athathwa phambokuzo kusebenzwa futhi na isikole siphumele ukuthi kuhlangene nezinhlelo zokusebenza ezintsha ezizothuthukisa isekela emuva kwezinsuku.

Ukudala kwalapho umsindo wokwenza umsindo ungenelwa yezindlela ezimbili: ukupheleka nokweqile kwebandla. Oku kwenziwa ngazo le ndlela kuyindlela enkulu yokuba yini indlela ethulwa ngazo ngemva kwesikhathi. Le ndlela enezinto eziphawulwe ngokuhle ziyakupheka ngokuhle kakhulu kumaqo amathathu. Thatha isiqalo sokwehliswa njengefaniso - le ndlela enokwehliswa ngazo ziyakuthula kakhulu kwaye ziyakuhlala nezikhungo ngokusebenza. Indlela yokwehliswa yazo kuyakuvumela ukuba zithathe ukuphulwa okuningi kakhulu ngokusebenzisa okuphezulu. Ukulungiswa kungaba yindlela encane kwaye ukulungisa okuphela kungaba yindlela encane kunokuba kusebenzisa izinto ezingapheli. Kumaqo abangela ukucindezela izindleko, ukuthembisa indlela enkulu kuyakuthuthukisa kakhulu izindleko ngokugcwele.

Indlela ethi kulawula amageba iyashintsha kahle, ngakho ukubheka indlela amalawuli okulawula ngokwamanje aqhawaniswa nezindlela zasekhaya zokulawula zibalulekile. Abasebenzisa amageba ngokwamanje bafisela ngokukhanya iindlela zokulawula ngokwamanje njengokuba bezwa ukuguqulwa ngaleyo ndlela ngokwenyokeni yabo kumathini lapho kuzozukisa izindlela eziyisicelo. Iindlela zokulawula ngokudijithali zinethu ngamanye amaphetho. Zinzokuthiwa ukusetha kuyinkimbinkimbi futhi kuvumela abasebenzeli ukulayishwa izindlela eziyisicelo ukuze kutholwe imiphumela efanayo. Ngaphezulu, izinyathelo eziyisicelo ziyahlukahluka ngokuzenzakalelayo izindlela zokulawula ngokuhlelwa okuzozukisa lapho kuzonquma izinto. Okubaluleke kakhulu kukuthi le ndlela yokulawula ezinhle yenzelwe izinkolelo eziningi ezokwenza izinto ezilungiselelwe ngokwamanje, ukuthatha inyoka futhi ukunciphisa amaphutha kanye nemisebenzi yezokulawula.

Indima Yemishini Yama-Lathe Ezinkambisweni Zanamuhla Zokukhiqiza

Iindlela zokulayisha ezintsha zakhona zibe yindlela esenza ngokukhawuleza kwiindawo zokwenza ngokuba yenziwe ngokweminye incwadi ye-CNC, engaziwa ngokuba yi-Computer Numerical Control. Okuqinisekileyo kwiindlela ukuba zenzelela ngokuphezulu kwaye zenkumele kwiindlela zokulayisha. Kangangoko, ngaphambi kuka-CNC, ezinye izinto ezingcono ngokwenene kwaye kungenzeka ngokokusebenza ngendlela engaphezulu. Xa iindlela zokulayisha zi-CNC zifakwa kwiindlela zokulayisha, zinokwenzela ukuba kwenzeke iindlela zokulayisha ezifanelekileyo kwaye zenze ngokuphezulu kwaye zicinge ukusebenzisa abasebenzisi. Kwiindlela zokudlala, oku kuthetha ukuba izinto zenze ngokuphezulu kwaye zenze ngokuphezulu kwaye zicinge ukusebenzisa abasebenzisi. Oku kucacileyo? Kuphuculo okuphezulu kwaye kuhle kakhulu kwiindlela zokudlala.

Imimithi yemachini yokuqhafaza ibonisa ingqikithi yabo kizindaweni ezifanayo nezokwenza izinhloso zaseNkosazana nezokwenza izinhloso zomoto, lapho kudingeka ukuba kube yimalwa ngokuphelele. Sebenzisa izinhloso zaseNkosazana njengesibonelo - imimithi iqhafaza ukwezisa le ndawo zokwenza izindawo zokuhlamba nezindawo zokwakhiwa ezingcono ukuba kube yimalwa. Lokhu kudingeka kanye kumaMotwini. IiBhlokhi zemoto kunye nezinto zokuguqula izinto zokwenza zidinga kakhulu ukusebenzisa imimithi yokuqhafaza, ngokuba noma yikuphi okuncinci lapho kungaba khona into engcono kungaba yinto enkulu ngemva. Ukubheka indlela abasebenzisa ngayo le ndawo zokwenza zidinga ukuba kube yimalwa ngokuphelele kubonisa ukuthi kani kudingeka abakhokhele imimithi yokuqhafaza eziphambene nezimalo. Ngokwesibonelo, lapho amathuba athintwa yizinto ezenzekelweyo ukusebenza ngokuphelele, akukho indawo yokwenza amaphutha.

Iindlela zokulayisha zinjelisa indima kakhulu ekunyeni ukuba ukwenza kuhlale kuhle ngokuchanekile kwaye ukuvumelana neemithi zokwenza kwaye neenzilo zasekhaya. Ezi ndlela zinika iindlela efanayo ngokuphelele, oku kunceda izikhululo ukuba zilungise kakhulu kwaye zikhuseleke kwiintshisekelo zokulawulwa. Ingxelo yaqala kwisicelo siqulelo kwiindawo zokusebenza kwiindawo zokusebenza kwe-Astute Analytica ibonisa into engqokeliyo ngokokhoyo yeendawo zokusebenza zasekhaya. Bapredikitha ukuphutha okukhulu kwiindlela zokugcina le nto, ngakumbi xa kumathelwe ukuba abasebenzisi kufuneka bafumane iindlela zokusebenza echanekileyo kwaye zinokuvumelana neemithi zokulawulwa. Ukujonga le nto kuyakunceda ukuba kumangalisa ukuba abakhethi abaninzi lutha kwiindlela zokulayisha. Ngaphandle koko kuphela ukuba kuchitha amathalama ngokuchanekileyo, zinokuba zinjela kakhulu kakhulu kwiintlobo zokugqibela kwiindlela ezahlukeneyo, ukunceda iindlela ukuvumelana neentlobo zokuthanda kwaye zikhuseleke kwiintshisekelo zokulawulwa ngokwemva.

Izitayela Zobuchwepheshe Bemishini Yama-Lathe: Ikusasa Lokuguqula Izinsimbi

I-CNC lathes iyavutshela indlela ethulwa ngayo ukugcina imetali ngezinsuku zeshaya, ngenkathi ethanda izici eziphethwe ngokushesha ngokuchazwe ngokuvamisa imvume nezindlela zokwenza ngokuvumelana nezidingo. Abasebenzisa manje bafumana ukwabiwa nokusebenza okuhle kangaka xa bawusebenzisa imetali, okuncoma ukuthi izinhloso zabo ziphumelela ngokuvamile kahle kwezinye izigaba. Okuthakazelisa yile ndlela ethakatha kwezinye izinto ekuhlaleni kweqoqo lokusebenza manje. Okweningi kwezindawo zokusebenza kuhle ziyagcwalisa idijithali, zisebenzisa ukuvamisa ngokuvamile nokuvitha idatha evela kuyo ngokuvamile ukuthatha amaphutha ekuseni kwezinyathelo zokwenza. Kwezinye izinhlonipho kubhalwe ukuthatha amaphesenti angu-30% wezimpukane emva kokusebenzela lezi zindlela ezintsha zokwenza.

Ukuphutha kwezixhobo zokuxhasa kakhulu yisicathami esiguqula indlela evela ngayo i-lathes kule ndlela, yenza ubuchule kumsebenzi futhi yenza amathrendi athile kwezokuphatha izindawo zokudlala. Oku kudinga amahora angu-180 esisebenza ngokulandelana nezixhobo? Kulokhu, manje amaphesenti amaningi wokusebenza okufanayo kwenziwa ngokushesha kakhulu ngenxa yezixhobo zokuxhasa ezisebenza ngasemva. Amaphesenti wokwenziwa kakhulu aye uphela noma abasebenzi bakhulu baleka ngokwenza amasebenziso okuphindekwa. Sicabanga ngokushintsha okukhulu kwezifiso ezimaphakathi kwezindawo zokusebenza kakhulu. Abasebenzi akusebenzisa noma kubeke amanqaku futhi; kudinga ukuzwa ukusebenzisa amanyaki, ukuthola amaphutha lapho kuzozikhona izixhobo, futhi uvikele ukuthi uyathetha ukuthi amaphesenti amaningi wokuthola amanani. Lapho kusukela, amasebenzi kwezindawo zokusebenza kuzokhona kakhulu kungase kudinga ukusebenzisa izicathami. Umuntu ozazi ukuthi yini engxenyeni yedatha yasensile okanye yiziphumo zokulungisa izilungiselelo kungase akuthole ukuthi kudinga kakhulu kunantu ozazi ukusebenzisa noma kubeke amanqaku.

Ukubheka ukuthi yini ezayo ekwakhiweni kwe-lathe kubonisa ukuthi imboni ingase ihambe kuphi. Izinto ezintsha ezisemakethe zihlanganisa izinto ezihlanganisiwe nama-alloys angcono aqhubeka ebonakala yonke indawo. Ama-torn angokwesiko awasawasebenzisi lapho esebenzelana nalezi zinto zesimanje ezinokuhluka kwazo nezidingo. Siqala ukubona ama-torque enzelwe izinjongo ezikhethekile ekwazi ukubhekana nokwakheka okuyinkimbinkimbi kanye nemininingwane eqinile imishini evamile enenkinga ngayo. Kubanikazi bezimboni, lokhu kusho ukuthi ekugcineni bayokwazi ukuhlangabezana nezidingo zemakethe namuhla - izingxenye eziqondile nezingaguquguquki. Umkhakha wezindiza udinga lolu hlobo lobuchwepheshe ikakhulukazi ngoba izindiza zidinga izingxenye ezinesisindo esincane kodwa eziqhubeka zikhuthazela ngaphansi kwengcindezi. Kuyafana nakubakhiqizi bezimoto abahlale befuna isisindo esincane ngaphandle kokudela amandla.