Izinkimbinkimbi zezinto eziphakathi zokusebenzisa i-waterjet cutting machine ngokuzenzekelayo ziyithi

Imithwana Yezindawo Zokugqogqa Ngamandla Amahhala Yezindawo Zokugqogqa Ngamandla Amahhala

Imithwana yezindawo zokugqogqa ngamandla amahhala iyasebenza ngamathambo angu-8 inches ngaphandle kokukhupha ukuthi kuyasebenza kahle—kodwa izindlela zokusebenza zezindawo zokugqogqa ngamandla amahhala zizokwenza ngokuphelele ngamathambo angu-3 inches ukuze kubalancwe ukusuka, ubuchwepheshe bokugqogqa, nokuthenga. Umsebenzi wakho wokugqogqa ngamandla amahhala awuvaleli indawo eya kubonakaliswa ngokufanayo (HAZ), okuhlinzeka ubuchwepheshe bokugqogqa kuzo zonke izinto ezinamandla amahhala, izinkhuni, izinto eziphathelene nezinkhuni, nokuthi kungabikho ukuguqula kwamandla amahhala noma ukuthwasa kwezindawo.

Amathambo: Isitayilisi esingasemthwini, i-aluminum, nokuthi isitayilisi esingasemthwini sokuthenga

Umbhali wemithi yomoya wokuphatha kuyasebenza kahle ngamathambe amakhulu. Isistimu esiqinisekile isebenza ngamathambe ethi stainless steel, aluminum, nokweyona imithi engeziweyo (mild steel) edinga ukuphatha kude kwe-6 inches; izimpumpu zokuphatha ezikhulu (ezingaba kude kwe-87,000 PSI) ziyasebenzisa kahle kude kwe-8 inches—kude kakhulu kwezidingo zokuphatha ngolaser ozikhethekileyo okungaba kude kwe-1 inch kwezithakazelo ezipheleleyo. Ukuphatha kwe-stainless steel kusenziwa kahle kude kwe-4 inches ngenkathi iphakade yokuqiniseka yokubhala yomoya kungabikho, futhi akukho mahluko omkhulu ophakade. Ukuphatha kwe-aluminum kusenziwa kahle ngokushesha ngokuphatha kwe-line, nakuba kude kwe-5 inches—lokhu kubalulekile kuzokwenza izibhodi zokuhamba kwezinyawo nezibhodi zokugcina (rib and bulkhead) kwezinyawo. Imithi engeziweyo (mild steel) ibe yisiqu esikhundleni sokusebenza kahle, nokuthi izindawo zokusebenza ziziphepha izihlangothi ezinkulu kude kwe-4 inches kwezihlangothi zokusebenza kwezinyawo ezingcono. Umsebenzi ongathathi isikhathi, ongathathi isibonelo sokunqula, awuvimbi ukuthi izihlangothi zizobuka—nakuba zingaphansi kwezihlangothi ezincane—futhi lokhu kunciphisa ukusebenza kwesibhakabhaka futhi kunciphisa ukusebenza kwabantu ngokuphakeme kwe-15–20% ngendawo.

Amaphutha Angakwametali: Istone, Igranite, Imarble, Nokuphakanyiswa Kwemithambo Yokuqondisa Ukuphakama

Amaphutha angakwametali ayashayisela ubukhulu bekho lokusebenza kwemithambo yamandla. Amathitha amahle—kubanzi i-granite, i-marble, neslabi esizwe ngokuphakanyiswa—kuyabhalwa kusukela ku-4–8 inches. Izinhlelo eziphezulu ziyasebenzisa i-granite engu-8 inches ukwenza izinhlelo eziningi ezinokushaya umsindo wokubhalwa ngamandla. Amaphutha okuphakanyiswa njenge-carbon fiber ne-G10 fiberglass ayabenefita kubukhulu bekho lokusebenza ngaphandle kokuhambisana: ukuphakanyiswa kwe-layer ne-ukuphuma kwemifutha kungavunyelwa ngokuphelele. Istone esizwe ngokuphakanyiswa isebenza ngokuphelele kusukela ku-6 inches—ngaphandle kokubhalwa ngokuzenzakalelayo, okuphela kubona ukuphatha kwe-blade futhi kubeka isibonelo esikhulu sesithuthi. Kusuka ku-marble esingasiza kakhulu, ukungabikho kwe-vibration noma ukulayisha kwe-point kusiza ukubhalwa kwe-veining eziningi ngaphandle kokushaya—okufanele kusukela kwezinyathelo zokuvuselela ezinobubi elikhulu. I-width yekerf ibe yincinci (kubanzi ngu-0.035–0.060 inch), okuxhasa ukungafani kwezithuthi zokubhalwa kwezintuthi zokubhalwa ezinobubi elikhulu.

Iplastiki, Irubberi, nezinkhulu zokuphakama kwezinye izikhathi: Ukuphakama kwezinye izikhathi ngokupheleleyo kwezinye izikhathi ezincane kuya kumaqhezu amaningi

Umbhalo wokugcina umnandi wokugcina ukuphakama kwezinye izikhathi nezinkhulu zokuphakama kwezinye izikhathi. Izikhathi zesikili sezinkhulu zokuphakama kwezinye izikhathi (0.04-inch) ziyagcinwa ngokupheleleyo—akukho kuchitha, akukho kuburra, noma ukuthinteka kwesikhathi sokugcina. HDPE ne-nylon ziyabona ukuphakama kwezinye izikhathi (±0.1 mm) kuya kumaqhezu amaningi (4 inches). I-rubber—ngaphandle kokuthinteka kwesikhathi sokugcina—iyagcinwa ngokupheleleyo kumaqhezu amaningi (3 inches) ngaphandle kokuthinteka kwezinye izikhathi ezincane okuhlanganisa izibhambo zokugcina. Izinkhulu zokuphakama kwezinye izikhathi ezincane (closed-cell foams), ozisetyenziswa kakhulu ekupakisheni nekuphakama kwezinye izikhathi, ziyagcinwa kumaqhezu amaningi (6 inches) ngokugcina ngumncane wokugcina kuphela, okususula ukuthinteka kwezinye izikhathi nezinkhulu zokuphakama kwezinye izikhathi okuhlanganisa izibhambo zokugcina. Ukunakekela ngokupheleleyo phakathi kwezinkhulu zokuphakama kwezinye izikhathi (0.02-inch plastic seal) nezinkhulu zokuphakama kwezinye izikhathi ezinkulu (thick rubber gasket)—ngaphandle kokuguqula izibhambo—kucindezela isikhathi sokuvula kakhulu ekuproduceni kwezinye izikhathi ezincane.

Ukuthi iphresha yomkhumbi nezifundo zokufaka umbhalo wokugcina kuyathinta ukuphakama kwezinye izikhathi zomkhumbi wokugcina umbhalo wokugcina

Ukuhambisana kwe-pump kuyadetermina i-kinetic energy ekhuthulwa ku-stream—futhi ngakho ke ubude bekuphuma. Izinhlangano zezindustria zisebenza phakathi kwe-60,000 ne-90,000 PSI, noma kubizwa ngokujwayelekile ngamapump e-intensifier apho amathuba aqondile ukukhuthula ku-87,000 PSI kumsebenzi wemiphakathi yezindawo eziningi. Nakuba ukukhulu kwe-pressure kusiza ukuthi amanzi asihambise kumvelo wokugcina, izindlela zokufika kwezidingo zokuphakama kuzoba zingaphansi kakhulu emva kwe-~60,000 PSI. Kule ndlela eyinkulu, izindlela zokuhlela kuzoba zikhulu kakhulu ngokwesibonelo sokubeka kwamandla, ukuthi amanzi ayabuka, nokuthi amandla ayasinda kwi-plumbing yokuqhubeka kwe-pressure.

Izindlela zokuguqula kwe-nozzle zihambisana ngokuqondisa ipresha kuze kubekwe yindima yokukhupha. Ububanzi be-orifice—kubhekana kusukela ku-0.004 inches kumsebenzi wokukhupha okuphezulu kuya kuma-0.018 inches kumasevisi okukhupha amaphathi amaningi—kubhekana nokuhambisana komkhakha we-stream ne-flow yamaphutha. Amaphutha amakhulu, akhulunywa ngokulinganayo nge-mixing tubes, ayenza ukuthi amaphutha aphume kakhulu, okuyidinga kakhulu ukukhupha kusukela kuma-2 inches futhi. Ubude be-mixing tube buhambisana futhi: amaphutha abadala kakhulu amahlela ukuthuthuka kwe-amaphutha futhi abeka ubude be-stream bungafanele. Izinyathelo zokufaka kwe-precision zihambisana nokuhambisana kwesikhathi sokugcina umgudu wezilwane kwi-chamber yamaphutha—kukhupha ukugcina kahle kanye nokuphatha kwamandla. Uma isiphumo se-pump, ububanzi be-orifice, nokudesign kwe-mixing tube zihambisana, isistimu yesiwejethi yodwa inokubhala indlela ekhulu kakhulu—kusukela kuzikhipha izilwane zokugcina kuya kuzikhupha izilwane ezincinci kakhulu—ngaphandle kokuguqula izinto zokusebenza.

Amaphutha vs. Isiwejethi sokuzimela kuphela: Lapho ubude bokukhupha buhambisana kakhulu

Ukusebenza kwe-waterjet kufana nezindlela ezimbili—i-waterjet esihlukene noma i-waterjet ene-abrasive—futhi ukwahluka kwezindlela kwenza umkhawulo wokugcina okubalulekile kwezintambo zokugcina. I-waterjet esihlukene isebenza ngokuphelele ngokuqonda kwezindawo zokugcina zokugcina kwisithuthu sezilwane esiphakeme. Kuyasebenza kahle ngezilwane ezingaphansi, ezingaphansi kakhulu: i-foam, i-rubber, nezilwane ezingaphansi kakhulu ezinkulu kune-0.02 inches—kepha ayisebenzi kahle kuzilwane zonke, izilwane ezingaphansi, noma izilwane ezingaphansi ezinkulu kune-millimeters emibili. I-waterjet ene-abrasive inikela izinyathelo zika-garnet kusithuthu, futhi kuyabeka njengesithuthu sokugcina sokugcina kwezindawo zokugcina. Lokhu kuyavula ukugcina kwezilwane zokugcina ezinkulu kune-150 mm, izilwane zokugcina ezinkulu kune-100 mm, nezilwane ezingaphansi kakhulu noma i-glass—izilwane ezingaphansi kakhulu kwezilwane zokugcina zokugcina. Ukuguqula akuyiyo ukuguqula okuphakeme; kuyiyo umkhawulo wokugcina wokusebenza. Ngokwempilo, lokhu kusho ukuthi abasebenzi kufanele bakhetha indlela ngaphambi ukugcina kuyadlala—ngokubhekana nezilwane zokugcina kanti nezintambo—ukukhombisa ukuthi umsebenzi uyasebenza na.

Imiphumela Yokuthinteka Kwempilo Kwezindlela Zokusebenza Kwemishini Yokukhupha Ngamajet Wamanzi

Ukuphepha Kwesikhathi Sokukhupha Ngaphezu Kwemilimita Engu-50: Ukubala Ukuphepha Kwesikhathi Sokusebenza

Isikhathi sokukhupha siphepha kakhulu ngaphezu kwemilimita engu-50—akuyiyo yisikhathi esihle, kodwa yisikhathi sesihlukanisi. Ijet eyayisebenza ngamapressha angu-413 700 (60 000 PSI) iyakhupha isitshixo esingaphansi kwemilimita engu-25 (~38 mm) ngokwesikhathi esilinganiselwe ku-38 mm per minute, siphuma ku-13 mm per minute ngaphezu kwemilimita engu-50, futhi siphuma ku-3 mm per minute ngaphezu kwemilimita engu-100—lokhu kukhupha ngokuphakanyiswa kwe-76%. Ukuphakanyiswa kwesikhathi sokusebenza kungahlanzwa ngokuphakanyiswa kwesikhathi sokugcina, futhi izinkulungwane zokukhupha zihlukaniswa ngaphambi kokufika kwezindawo eziningi. Abasebenzi bahlakanisa ukuthi ngalokho okunye lokukhupha ngaphezu kwemilimita engu-50 bakhupha kuphinda kabili isikhathi sokusebenza. Ngeminyaka yokusebenza kakhulu, lokhu kubhekisela abasebenzi ukuziqasha kwezindawo ezingaphansi kwezindawo ezingaphansi—noma ukusebenzisa iziqu zokusebenza ezimbili noma ngaphezukwazo—kunakho ukuthi ukuthinteka kwezindawo eziningi kungaba yinto ekhupha isikhathi sokusebenza.

Ukuthinteka Kwesikhathi Sokukhupha, Ubunzima Bekhanda, Nokubigqila Kwesikhathi Sokukhupha Ngemilimita Ezingaphansi

Izikhombisa ezintathu zokugcina kuzo kuzoba yizinkinga ezingafanele ukuthi zihlanganiswe ngokuphakeme kwezithunzi. Ukuthwasa—ukubhala kwezinye isikhathi kusuka emva kwezinye isikhathi—kuphakama kusukela ku-~0.001 inch ngasinye isibhakabhaka kwezithunzi zesi-½ inch ku-~0.005 inch ngasinye isibhakabhaka kwezithunzi zesi-3 inches, okwenza amaphrofayili amabili asekhanda esikhiywa ngokuphelele. Umphumela wokubhala kuyasebentisa ukuthi kuhlanganiswe ngokuphelele: izikhombisa ziyagcinwa kusukela kwezinye isibhakabhaka kwezithunzi, futhi ubuncinane bezinye (Ra) buyaphakama kusukela ku-65 µin kwezithunzi zesi-1 inch ku-200 µin kwezithunzi zesi-4 inches. Ububanzi bekerf buyaphakama kusukela ku-~0.035 inch ku-~0.060 inch kuleli yisikhathi—okwenza ukuthi kusebenziswe inkulu yomhlangothi futhi kubuyekeza ukuthi kubhekwe ngokuphelele kwezinye izinto. Ngokusebenzisa i-waterjet ungakwazi iyasebenzisa izithunzi zesi-12 inches, kodwa ukuthi kufanele kubhekwe ngokuphelele kwezinye izinto kusukela kwezithunzi zokubhala kuyasebenzisa ukuthi kubhekwe ngokuphelele kwezinye izinto—okubuyekeza ukuthi kubhekwe ngokuphelele kwezinye izinto kwezinye izinto zokubhala ngokuphakeme kwezinye izinto.

Isikhombisi Sokuqala

Ububanzi obuphelele bokubhala ngokuphakeme kwezinye izinto?

Imishini yokuqasha kwamanzi engaphansi kwezindawo zokusebenza iyakwazi ukusebenzisa imithambo emine ngokupheleleyo, kodwa kubalulekile ukuthi kuzo zonke izindawo zokusebenza, ukuthi umthambo uphansi kwezindawo ezintathu uyonakelela ukuthi uyasebenza ngokupheleleyo, ngokushesha nokuncipha ukuthenga.

Izilimi zezinto eziphambili zizikhiyela nini?

Izilimi zezinto eziphambili ziyisifundo sokukhiyela izilimi ezinkulu njenge-stainless steel, aluminum, nokanye i-mild steel, nokuthi umthambo wokusebenza wawo ungu-4 ku-6 inches, futhi uphansi kwe-8 inches ngezinhlelo ezipheleleyo.

Kungakhathali ukukhiyela izinto ezingaqondi njenge-marble ngokukhathali?

Yebo, izilimi zezinto eziphambili ziyasebenza ngokupheleleyo ekukhiyeleni izinto ezingaqondi njenge-marble, ngoba akukho uvibrasi okuyakhiyela ukuthi kuhlale kufanele, okuvumela ukukhiyela ngokupheleleyo kwezindlela eziphambili nokukhiyela kwezindlela zokugcina izihlangothi.

Ukuhlanya kwe-pump kuchaza ukusebenza kwe-cutting?

Ukuhlanya kwe-pump kuchaza i-energy yamanzi, okuchaza ukuthi kuyakhiyela kanjani nokusebenza ngokupheleleyo. Izinhlelo zisebenza ngokujwayelekile kuma-pressure o-60,000 ku-90,000 PSI, kodwa ukuthi kuyadlula kancane kuma-60,000 PSI.

Kuphi kufanele usebenzise i-waterjet esihlukile noma i-waterjet ene-abrasive?

I-waterjet esihlukile ziyisifundekiso esihle kubonke izinto eziyinkulu nezincinci ezithile njenge-foam nezoplastik, ngakho ke i-waterjet ene-abrasive iyisifundekiso esihle kubonke izinto eziphakeme kakhulu njengezimotokhari, iziqondiso esiphakeme kakhulu, nezinto ezingaphakeme kakhulu.