Izizindlela zokusebenza ezidingekayo ukufanana nezinhlelo zokukhupha ngamandla amanzi emisebenzi

Imithambo yokukhipha amanzi ngokwezinkinga ezikhulu nokufilta

Ukusebenza kanye nokuphila kwe-mashini yokukhipha amanzi ingahambani ngeqiniso lomkhawulo wamandla wezinkinga zomthwalo wamandla. Ukukhipha ngokwezinkinga ezikhulu kanye nokufilta okuhle kusiza ukukhipha ngokweqiniso kanye ukuvikela izinto eziphakeme ukungafani. Izisubsystem zilandelayo ziyagcina ukusebenza okuhle.

Ukuthuthukisa kwesikhundla sokuzimela kwezinkinga ezikhulu kanye nokuthuthukisa kwezinkinga zokuxhumana

Izimboni zokukhipha amanzi zasezinsukwini zisebenzisa izimpumpu zokuzimela noma zokuxhumana ngqo ukuze zikhiphe amanzi ngokwezinkinga ezikhulu ku-60 000 PSI (4 137 bar). Lezi mpumpu zidinga ukuthuthukisa okuhle kwezinkinga—izifilta, izinkundla zokugcina, kanye nezinhlobo zokuchitha ukuthi zihlale zisemthwalo wokukhipha kanye ukuthi zingaphazimise izinkinga. Ukungafani okuncane kuphela kungathatha isikhathi esinye sokuphila kwezifilta ngokuphakeme kwe-70%, futhi izindleko zokubuyisela ziyakhulula $15 000 ngalokhu lokubuyisela ^[1]amaphiltara esikhundleni sokuphakama apho amaphiltara asebenza ngokuphakama kakhulu, abhekise kwi-316L stainless steel amaphiltara, nokuthi akhuselela izinto ezibalulekile kusukela emizini yezinkqubo ezingaphezulu kwe-10 microns. Ukuphiltara kwemithambo yamaphiltara ngokuphakama kwe-3-micron kuvikela ukungafani kwezivali futhi kuvikela ukusebenza okuhambisana ngokushesha. Ngokuhlanganisa lezi zinto, kubhekiswa ukuthi isikhundla sisebenza ngokuphakeme kakhulu futhi kunciphisa ukuthi kubhekiswa ukuthi kuyinto eyodwa yokuthengisa.

Ukuphiltara kwezilwane, ukulawula ubukhulu, nokubuyela kabusha kwezilwane ngokugcina umgqa

Ukubaluleka kwezilwane zomnothi kuyaphatha ngqo ukugcina kwesikhala sokugcina, ukuzimisa kwesibhokisi, nokubaluleka kwezinhlelo zombili zomshini. Ukusebenzisa izifiltara zomphakathi kuyenza ukususa amasiphephelo ekupheleni kwe-5 microns, emva koko ukusebenzisa ukuthintela ngokuvula (RO) noma ukukhupha amasiphephelo (DI) ukususa amasiphephelo atholakala kumnothi okuzimeza ukuthintela. Ukulandela ngokushesha ngamaphoyinti we-conductivity nezicounte zamasiphephelo kuyenza ukulandela ngokushesha ukubaluleka kwezilwane, kuyabiza ukusebenzisa ngokuzenzakalelayo ukubuyela emuva noma ukusisha izilwane phambi kokuthi izimali zizimele. Izisikhwama sezinkundla zokubuyela emuva ziyahlanganisa ukufiltara nezinkundla zokuhlala nokususa amasiphephelo, kuyabeka ukuthi ukusetshenziswa kwemnothi entsha kwezinkundla ziyakhula ngaphezu kwe-90% futhi kuyabeka ukuthi ukuthintela kwemnothi ekhulula kwezinkundla kwezimali. ^[2]isikhwama esihlanganisekile sivumela ukuthi sisebenzise amasiphephelo ngokuphelele kodwa sivumela ukuthi sithole umnothi omhlophe othile—sivumela ukuthi kungabi nendlela eyodwa yokubaluleka okungathintela ukuthi kubhekwe ngokulinganayo. Ukuthintela okuncane kwezinhlelo zomhlaba kuyabeka ukuthi kubhekwe ngokulinganayo kwezimali nezinhlelo zokusebenza.

Ukubaluleka kwezinhlelo zokusebenzisa i-abrasive ngokulinganayo nokuthumela kwezinhlelo zokusebenzisa i-waterjet

Imithambo Yokukhanya Kwabakhiwe Ngokuzimisa Nokuhlelwa Kwesivinini Sokukhanya

Isistimu sokukhanya kusindisana ngqo kumkhawulo wokukhanya nokubaluleka kwesibonelo sesihlango. Iyathumela isibonelo esisodwa sesigarnet ngokusebenzisa isikhumba esisemthwakathwakeni, isidiski sokuhlelwa, noma isifedha esisemthwakathwakeni. Ukuhlelwa kufuna ukuthi isivinini sokukhanya sibe yisilinganiso esihlango—kubhekwa kahle ngamapound ngeminithi—okufanana nomdwebo wokugcina nokupressa kwesipumpu. Abatekinisi bakhombisa ukuthi isivinini sokukhanya sisebenza ngokuphelele ngokusebenzisa isikopo sokuthatha nokuphatha ngokuphelele phambi kokuthatha isikhathi sokusebenza. Ngemuva kwezinsuku, izinyathelo zokuhlelwa zihlukile kanye zihlukile kakhulu, okuvumela ukuthi kubekwe kakhulu kwezinyathelo zokukhanya kusuka kusendaweni yokuxhuma. Lokhu kuyavula umhlaba, kuyaphakama isikhala, kanye kuyajika isibonelo sesihlango. Amasistimu amasha amaningi ayasebenzisa izisensor zomkhawulo wokuphatha okuzenzakale, okuyahlola isivinini sokukhanya ngokushesha, okuhlinzekile kwezinyathelo zokuhlelwa nezinhlobo zezinyathelo zokuxhuma. Ukuthatha iziphumo zokuhlelwa ngokuphelele nokubuyisela ngokushesha izinyathelo zokuhlelwa eziyahlukile kuyasinda ukusebenza okuhle, kuyakhipha ukuchitha kwezinyathelo zokuxhuma, kuyadlula isikhathi sokusebenza kwezinyathelo zokusebenza, kanye kuyasinda ukuthi isikhathi sokusebenza kwezinyathelo zokusebenza siyakhipha.

Ukugcina kweGarnet, Ukulinganisa, nokuvikela ukungafaneleka

Ukugcina kahle kweGarnet kuyakusika ukuba kubheke kahle nokubhalekile. Umdla uyakubangela ukuthi kubhalekile, okuyakubangela ukuthi kubhekwe phansi kwisilinda sokuhambisa. Amasilo noma amahopper athuluzi ngokuphelele nesivumbeko sokukhupha umdla sibhekise lezinto kumdlwandle. Izinkampani zokulinganisa kufanele zibe yizilinganiso ezithile; ukuguqula okuncane kuphela kuyakubangel ukuguqula kwezindlela zokuchitha. Ukungafaneleka ngezincwadi, izinkhomo ezingaphezulu, noma izinto ezingafanele kuyakubangel ukuguqula kwezindlela zokuhambisa futhi kuyakubangel isiphumo esingavumelekile ekupheleni. Amaphiltre nezincwadi zokuhlanganisa zihlamba izinto ezingafanele kabefore kufika emixholweni yokuhlanganisa. Abatekwisi bafanele bakhiphe nokucleansa amahopper ngokuphelele ukuze bakuvikеле ukuthi kubhekwe phansi, futhi bakhuza izinkhomo kusuka emabhagshini ngokuphelele ukuze bakuvikеле ukuthi kubhekwe phansi kwezincwadi. Ukusebenzisa iGarnet engu-100% eya kusuka kwezinto ezingafanele kuyakubangel isiphumo esingavumelekile kunokusebenzisa izinkhomo ezingafanele. Izisikhwama zokuhambisa ngokuzenzakaleyo ziyakuvikela ukuthi kubhekwe phansi kwezinto ezingafanele ngokuhambisa. Ukugcina ukuthi kunezimo ezinamandla nokuthi kunezimo zomdlwandle ekhaya lokugcina kuyakubangel ukuthi kubhekwe phansi kwezinto ezingafanele, kuyakubangel ukulinganisa kahle, futhi kuyakubangel ukuthi kubhekwe phansi kwezinto ezingafanele.

Izinqubo zokugcina nokuthengiselwa kwezinto ezihlukahlukene zokugcina ukusebenza kahle

Isiphakathi sokugcina sabhodi yokuqonda imakhi ehlolayo amasintshane sivumela amanzi asekhanda phansi nezinto ezingavumelekile ukuze zibheke kusuka emuva. Izinqubo zayo ziyabhekisa ngokuphelele ububanzi bephakathi, ububi bokugcina, nokushaya kwesikhathi sokugcina. Ukuchaza okuphelele kufuneka kuziqondwe izinqubo zonke futhi kuzithengiselwe izinto ezihlukahlukene kabefore ukuthi kubekwe isibonelo sokugcina noma ukuthi umgca wokugcina ushaya kusuka emuva.

Izinqubo eziphambili zivumele:

• Umbhalo (Isigwinya) – Kuyasebenzisa isaphire, isirubi noma idiamante, lokhu umbhalo omdala othula okuhlanganisa amanzi asekhanda phansi ukuze zibe ngomgca wokugcina omkhulu. Ububanzi bezinye zokubalwa kubizwa ngokuthi ±0.002 mm; ukuthi kubekwe ukuthi kubhaleka ngokuphakeme kwe-10% kungathintela ukusebenza kwekugcina ngokuphakeme kwe-15%.
• Isikhumba sokugcina nezindlela zokuthenga izinto ezingavumelekile – Isikhumba sivumela ukuthi kubheke kusuka emuva ukuze kuthengiselwe izinto ezingavumelekile kusuka emanzini. Ukuthi kubheke kusuka emuva noma ukuthi kubhekwe kusuka emuva kungasiza ukuthi kubheke kusuka emuva kanye nokugcina okungafanele.
• Isikhumba sokugcina (Isikhumba) – Iyisahluko esiseduze kakhulu umqolo wokuphatha izinkampani zokuphatha. Amaphutha okufokuswa aphatha ngokuphelele; ukujabulisa ubude bomphakathi wokuphuma nokubuyisela uma kufika ema-20–30% kuvumela ukuthi ukuphatha kwenze ngokuphelele.
• Ukuphela Kwamaphutha – Umkhawulo wokuphela kwamaphutha wokuphatha kusuka ku-50–100 amahora, amaphutha okufokuswa kusuka ku-70–150 amahora, kusukela kuhlobo lwamaphutha nokubaluleka kwamanzi. Ukusebenzisa amaphutha e-diamond ayakwakha ukuphela kusuka ku-1 000 amahora, okunquma ukuthi kubizwa ngokuphelele kokuthengiswa kwakamuva.

Ukubuyisela lezi zinhlobo zamaphutha ngokuphambili kungavimba ukungafanele kwezinyangeni zokusebenza futhi kugcina izindlela zokusebenza ngokuphelele ngalokho isiphatho sokusebenza ngalokho isiparti. Ukufaka amaphutha okuphatha embonini yezindaba zokuphatha kwe-maintenance schedule yemashini kusiza abasebenzi ukuthenga amaphutha ngokuphambili ngokuphambili kwezinyangeni zokusebenza.

Amathuba Okukhanya, Ukubeka Kuphakathi, Nemithombo Yokuqondisa Ngendlela Yedijithali

Amaslati, Amatanki Okuphatha, Nemithombo Yokuphatha Kwesikhala

Ukuncamisa kwezinto ezifanele kuyisisekelo esibalulekile kuzo zonke izimini zokukhupha ngamafutha amanzi ukuze kubhekwe ukuphepha kwezindlela zokukhupha nokwakha isikhathi sokusebenza kwezinto ezingavali. Izilati zezinkabi zinika indawo eyodwa yokugcina iziqephu emaphakathini, kusiza ukuthi amafutha amanzi aqhubeka ngaphansi ngaphandle kokubuyiselwa kwezinto ezingavali. Ngemuva kwezinsuku, izilati zihlukunyezwa futhi zibuka izindlela zokukhupha ezingaphele, okuhlela ukungafani kwezinqumo. Ukubuyisela noma ukubuyisela ngokuphathelene nokubuyisela kweminye imithombo—ngokudibanisa izithuthi zokuphatha izindlela zokukhupha—kusiza ukuthi indawo yokukhupha ibe yisikhathi esisodwa. Amathanki okugcina ayigcina izinkabi ezingavali nezilwane, kusiza ukuthi akhuphe amafutha amanzi futhi ayigcine izinto ezingavali. Isithuthi esihle sokugcina esinezinkinga zokuvula ngokushesha kusiza ukukhupha izinto ezingavali futhi kusiza ukuthi indawo yokukhupha ibe yisikhathi esihle, kusiza ukuthi umsebenzi ubheke isikhathi esisodwa.

Izinkulumo zokufaka izinto kanye nezinkinga zokuxhumana kweCNC zokukhupha ngamafutha amanzi

Ukusebenzisa izinto ngokulinganisileyo nokukhetha indlela ephambili kuyidinga isoftweywa esihle sokugcina isithombe esihlanganiswe nesikontrola se-CNC. Lesoftweywa lihlola izimo zeziqhelo, lisobala ukugcina isithombe ukuze libe lincane kakhulu ukungafani, futhi libheka izindlela zokusebenza okufuna ukubuka kwe-lead-in/lead-out, izindawo zokuphuma, nokuguqula isikhathi sokukhupha. Ukuxhumana kahle phakathi kwe-engine yokugcina isithombe ne-CNC kusinika ukuthi izifayela zokudesign ziyagcinwa ngokulinganisileyo, kusindisa isikhathi sokungasebenzi futhi ukuthi umsebenzisi abe yisikhathi esincane. Izidingo zokuvamile ziyashiyela ukuthi kusamekelwe izifayela zezindilingo zezindawo zokusebenza (CAD), ukugcina kwe-kerf ngokushesha, nokuthi kusamekelwe ukumemeza izihloko eziningi. Uma isikhombiso se-CNC sibonisa ngokucacileyo futhi sitholakala ngendlela eyodwa, amasithili ayathola ukuthi kusebenza kakhulu futhi kubuyekezwa kahle imisebenzi.

Imibuzo Evame Ukubuzwa

Yini umbono we-pumps zokuphakama kwezinhlobo zemishini yokukhupha ngamanzi?

Izimpumpu zokuphakama kakhulu ziyathumela amanzi ngamapressha angaba kusukela ku-60,000 PSI, okuyisisekelo sokukhupha izinto ngokuchaza kahle. Lezi mpumpu zidinga izisikwele zesifundo sezinkampani zokuphakama kahle ukuze zilungise umsindo wamanzi ngokuphelele futhi ukuvimbela ukuzimela.

Kungani ubukhulu bemanzi buyisisekelo esibalulekileyo kubhizinisi yokukhupha ngamanzi?

Ubukhulu bemanzi buya kuthinta ubukhulu bekukhupha kwesikhundla, ubukhulu bekugcina isihlangothi, nokude kokusebenza kwezinto ezinokuthinteka. Ukulungisa kahle kuyasiza ukuthi amanzi ayibe nesidlalo noma imithombo eyadlulwa, okuyakuthinta ubukhulu bekucacisa futhi ukuthinta ukuzimela.

Ukuchaza kahle kwesibonelo sekhwepha kuyakuthinta kanjani ubukhulu bekukhupha?

Ukuchaza kahle kwesibonelo sekhwepha kuyasiza ukuthi izinto ziyathunyelwa ngokuphelele ekhupheni, ukuthuthukisa ubukhulu bekugcina isihlangothi futhi ukunciphisa ukuthwasa. Ukulawula kahle kuyanciphisa ukuzimela kwezinye iziqephu futhi kuyalungisa ukuthi iziqephu ziyasebenza ngokuphelele.

Yiziphi izindlela zokulungisa kahle ukugcina i-garnet?

Ukugcina i-garnet ishumi, ishumi kanye ne-ukungafani noma yimuphi umthwalo wokubeka kuyinika ukuthi ikhuluma ngendlela efanelekile. Imiphumela yokugcina kahle kwezindawo zokugcina kanye nokucima okuphelele kwezinhlangano zokuhambisa kuzimelela ukuthi kungabikho izihlangothi, izibhokisi kanye nokuthi ukuthatha kungafanele.

Kungani isoftwa sokunesting sibalulekile kubamashini we-CNC waterjet cutting?

Issoftwa sokunesting sifuna ukuthenga ukusebenza kwemithwalo kanye nokunika izindlela zokusebenza zokuthatha ngendlela efanelekile yokuproducwa. Kususa ukuthi kungabikho ukuthakazelwa kanye nokuthuthukisa isikhathi sokuthatha ngokuthi sifundisana ngendlela efanelekile nezinhlangano ze-CNC.