Ukusebenza kwe-EDM spark erosion kusebenzisa ukuthembeka kwezinhlela ngokuthembeka kwezinhlela zokushisa okunokwenza izinto eziphathelene ngesicelo. Izinhlela zokuthembeka ziyimpela kakhulu futhi, ngakho konke okunembo ngezinsuku zokuthembeka kungase kuthembekwe. Ngakho ke abasebenzisa kufanele bahlale bavusele ukuthi yini elingasekhaya kumashini besebenzisa ubunzima bokuxhumeka. Izingxenye zemetal yasekhaya nezingxenye ezincane zokuthembeka ziyasekela ngemva kwenkathi, zibangela indawo engeke yizimpawu. Uma ayikwazwa, konke oku kungase kuthiwe ngemva kwenkathi. Imibiko yesithuthi ibonisa ukuthi lapho izimboni ze-EDM ayiphathelwa ngendlela efanele, izindaba zokuthembeka zihlukahluka kancane kakhulu kulokho kufanele, zibangela amadoda amaningi futhi avikela abasebenzi. Ezinye izindawo zasiphiwe ukusebenzisa izinhlobo TRIZ ukuxazulula leli nkinga ngokugcwele. Ngokwaziwa yini lempilo ethibela ukuthi izinto zithembekwe futhi ukuthatha amathimele emuva kwenkathi, amathuluzi amaningi awubonile ukuthi amathuba okuthembeka ayiphezulu ngaphandle kokuthintana nezimali.
Izithako ezihambisa ugesi zibaluleke ngempela ezinkambisweni ze-EDM ngoba zisiza ukususa izinto ngesikhathi sokusebenza. Nokho, lapho izinto zishisa kakhulu, lezi zikhi zingase zishise okudala ingozi eyengeziwe ema-workshop. Ukuhlola izindawo zokukhanya nokuma okuqinile kwamanzi emazingeni okushisa aphezulu kuba umsebenzi odingekayo ukuze kugwenywe imililo kanye nalezo zinkinga ezicasulayo ze-electrostatic. Ukuphathwa kahle koketshezi kusho ukukhetha okuphathwa kahle ukushisa nokugcina iso lokuthi sekuminyene kangakanani futhi kuqinisekiswe ukuthi akukho ukungcola. I-National Fire Protection Association ithole ngezifundo ukuthi uhlobo lwamanzi kagesi asetshenzisiwe enza umehluko omkhulu endleleni imisebenzi ye-EDM ephephile ngayo. Ukugcina lezi zikhilimu zingena ezingeni elifanele kusiza ekunciphiseni izingozi zomlilo kanye nalezo zishaqisi ezingekho muntu ozifunayo. Izitolo ezihambisana nemikhuba yokuzigcina zisesimweni esihle futhi zihlole izakhiwo zezinto ezihambayo ngokuvamile zizithola zigwema izingozi ezingalimaza imishini ebizayo noma okubi nakakhulu, zilimaze abasebenzi.
Imicabha yokulindisa intuthuko esebenza ngokuzenzekela iyaphindwa kakhulu ngokushesha kunezindlela zasemaphetheni, ikhuphisa kakhulu ukwehliswa. Iyathola izindlala ngokushesha futhi iyakhetha imicabha yokulindisa ngokuzenzekela okuthi kubaluleke kakhulu eziphakathini lapho izinhlobo zomshini zihamba ngokushesha ngabele. Iizokwelaphi zifumana ukuthi le micabha iyahlulela amaphiweyo futhi. Iizokwelaphi ezinhlobo zifaka amathuba okunciphisa amaphiweyo lapho kuzozokwelwa le micabha njengoba risiki liyaphansi kakhulu. Abasebenzisi besiko labulalekile ukuthi kuneenhla eziqinileyo ezifunayo abasebenzi bakwazi ukulinda ngokuhlonipha njengoba akukho muntu ofanele afike emathathweni athintayo lapho kunezinyathelo ezithile. Lokhu kubaluleke kakhulu eziphakathini ezithile zokwenza lapho ikhweyithi yasematheni iyaphakathi kakhulu futhi izibhamu zingathinta ukuthi zilinde intuthuko ngaphakathi.
Ukulahla kwezindlela zokulahla ngokusebenzisa i-CO2 kusebenza kahle ekulahlweni kwamagqabi apho ayikhali inkosazana neqabi lekhiyeni. I-EDM machines isebenza ngokuvolti kakhulu ngakho ke lokhu kubaluleke kakhulu. Imicabango ikhombisa ukuthi le ndlela zikhipha izindlela ngokushesha futhi zilahla kungabi noma maluphi osunguli ngokulinganisa nezindlela zasezinhla zokulahla ngamanzi apho ayayilahla konke okuqukethwe. Babalasebenzisa i-CO2 amaphrofeshonal eyethulwa ngoba kuyafika kahle kunesizulu futhi, ngakho-ke kuyahlukile xa isikhalo esikhulu sikhona emelweni. I-National Fire Protection Association iyavuma i-CO2 yamagqabi ngoba isebenza ngokushesha futhi ikhipha izindlela ngokukhulu. Lokhu kuyenza kube yinko eyinhle ngokwezinye izindlela zase-EDM lapho ukuphantsi kwenhlanhla kwenza amaphela futhi ukulahlekiswa kweqabi kungenza ukulungiswa okuphakeme emuva.
Lapho izinhlelo zokulindela intuthuko zihlanganiswa ngendlela echanekileyo nezinhlelo zokuwasha wire cutting nezinyathelo zokulayisha, ubungozi bokugcina bakhona baphumelela kakhulu. Okuqukethwe yilokho kukuthi ukuhlelo kwezinhlelo zokulindela kufanele kwenzeke ukuze kuthinte ngokuzenzekela lapho izinhlelo zokuwasha zithumela imiyobelo esithathelene. Lokhu kusho ukuthi izintuthuko zingakwephelwa ngokushesha bese kungavamile ukuba yizinto eziphilayo. Abakhubeki bonke bavuma ukuthi izindaba kufanele achekwe ukuhlanganiswa kwabo kanye kube kuchanekile njengoba kudingeka. Imigomo yesafety iyahamba ngokushintsha ngenxa yaleyo, ngakhoke leyo esetshenziswakwa ngu-OSHA ne-NFPA. Lapho sibheka ukuthi yini esenzakwa ngempela emakhazini a-EDM asibona okuqukethwe. Izifiseli ezakhona ukuxhuma izinhlelo zabo zokulindela intuthuko zilayishwa ukuthi kunezimpilo eziningi, amahora angaphelelwa ngokungathi kungasemkhakheni futhi ithuba eliphezulu lempilo yazo zonke. Ngaphezulu, ukulondoloza yonke lezi zimigomo kudingeka kube lula kangaka lapho konke ikhale kuxhunywe ngendlela efanele.
Ukulandela izilayidi nezibophelo kumachini e-EDM kuyindlela enkulu kakhulu ngokuphelele nokusebenza kwezikhawulwa. Xa sifaka izinhlelo zokugcina ngokuzenzekela ukulandela izilayidi, kusiza ukugcina amandla e-dielectric kuzindlela echanekileyo ukuze kungakhathaliwe ngendlela engalindelwa. Izinhlelo zokulawulisa ubushuleli zinezinhloso efanayo kanti ngoba zivikela ukuba kungaphansi kwezibophelo ezikhulu, okuyindlela ebonile kakhulu xa kusebenzisa izinhawu zase-EDM. Ukucwaninga kwezinye izinto ezisebenzile yekhombisa ukuthi ukulawulisa izibophelo ngendlela enempilo kuyindlela yokwehlisa izindleke ezisungulwe ngu-heat. Usikhumbuze ukuthi kufanele kwenziwe ukulandelela ngokokulandelana nezinhlelo zokulandela lezo. Kuyindlela yokuvikela izinkinga ngaphambi kokuthi zingethe kusebenza futhi kugcine ukusebenza ngendlela elula noma kungabi nokuthunyelwa kwemigwa emuva.
Ukufaka izim kontroli zokungcola izindlela zokwenza i-EDM izindlela kubona ukunciphisa izindlela zokungcola zokushisa okungaba yindlela yokuthiwa izindlela zokuthiwa. Abasebenzisa kufanele bafunde kahle ukuthiwa izindlela zokungcola kufanele zibe yilanga kakhulu ngoba le ncazelo ibe yindlela yokuthiwa izindlela zokuthiwa. Imaphakathi yasekweyithi yasekweyithi ibonisa ngokuhlanukwa ukuthi lapho izinkampani zifaka lezi zim kontroli fakwe kanye nezindlela zokungcola, kuncishwa kakhulu izindlela zokuthiwa ezitholakala.
Ukuhamba kwezimotani zomsebenzi zokudonsa kwezinye izinto engenakuhlwa yindlela ebalulekile kakhulu yokuhlinzela imisebenzi. Xa sisebenza kakhulu, kufanele sithintele ukuthi kunezindawo eziyizindawo eziphakathi nezimotani eziningi ukuthi akukho lutho oluhlwayo. I-Occupational Safety and Health Administration inemibandela efanayo ngokuthi yini kufanele izimotani zibe yisikhashana nezinye izinto njengezolvente noma izindlela zebhureni. Sihlola lezi zinto ngemva kwezinyanga zethu zokuhamba ngokuthi akukho sibonelo sokuthi ispark ishisa kakhulu kungase kuthinte konke. Lezi zinsiza sibone amathuba okuhlwa kusukela kanye nokuhlela futhi ukubekwa kwezinto ukuze abasebenzi bakhululekwe xa baphakathi nezimotani eziphakade.
Ukuphucuka okuhle kwezinyathelo kuyindlela esebenza ngayo xa kufanele kusebenzwe imachini yokushisa izingceke ngokuhlonipha nokwazi ukuthi kutheni izindlela zokwehluleka. Phakathi kwezinye izinto ezifundwa kakhulu kuzo zonke izinhloso zokuphucula kuyindlela yokugcina amandla nokwehluleka okungavumelekile xa imachini ye EDM isebenzisa amandla. Uma abasebenzisi bafumene amaqondo kwezinhloso eziqinisekileyo, kuyindlela yokugcina ukuthi bakhumbule ukuthi kutheni izindlela zokuphepha nokuthi kutheni izinto ezifanele kwenzeke uma kutheni into iyahluleka. Izindawo ezifuna ukuthi zibe nezimpumelelo eziphumelelayo kakhulu kuxhomeke kakhulu kuzo ukuthi kutheni izinto zokwehluleka zibe yincane kakhulu. Ngakho ke kutheni izindawo eziyinhloso zokuphucula kufanele kutheni izinyathelo zokuphucula kutheni zibe yizinye izikhathi ukuze zonke izinto zibe ngempumelelo kakhulu. Ukugcina ukuthi izinto zibe yimpumelelo kutheni kungase kutheni ukuthi kutheni izinyathelo zokuphepha zibe yizinye kodwa kutheni kuyindlela yokuthi ukusebenza kwezinyathelo kutheni kube yimpumelelo kakhulu kutheni kuyindlela yokuthi kutheni ukuphepha kwezinye izinto kutheni kube yimpumelelo kakhulu.
Ukuhlanza kahle kweqeqeshi lokumelana nezixhobo zokulima ukuphela kunezinto zokwenza ukuba kube yinto ehlukile xa kufuneka uvikeleke ngokuphela ukungabi ngezixhobo kwiimizuzwana eziphambeneyo kwiindlela zaseDM. Iindlela zokujonga ngokutsha zinika amatekni khona ukubona izinkinga ezincinci ngaphambi kokuba zibe yizinkinga eziphezulu, ngoko ke zonke izinto zikhohlwe ukuba zisebenze xa kufuneka kuzo kakhulu. Ukuhlola kahle kwezinto zokujonga ngokutsha kunezinto zokwenza ukuba kube yinto ehlukile xa kufuneka uvikeleke ngokuphela ukungabi ngezixhobo kwiimizuzwana eziphambeneyo kwiindlela zaseDM. Iindlela zokujonga ngokutsha zinika amatekni khona ukubona izinkinga ezincinci ngaphambi kokuba zibe yizinkinga eziphezulu, ngoko ke zonke izinto zikhohlwe ukuba zisebenze xa kufuneka kuzo kakhulu. Iindlela zokujonga ngokutsha zinika amatekni khona ukubona izinkinga ezincinci ngaphambi kokuba zibe yizinkinga eziphezulu, ngoko ke zonke izinto zikhohlwe ukuba zisebenze xa kufuneka kuzo kakhulu. Kwiindlela apho zisebenzisa iindlela zokujonga ngokutsha kwiimeko yasevu zokugqibela zibonile ukuba kukho ukuncipha ngama-40% kwiimeko eziphambeneyo kwiindlela apho zilandela ngokucacileyo iziqiniseko. Ukusebenzisa abasebenzisi abaninzi ngokusebenzisa iindlela zokugcinwa kunezinto zokwenza ukuba kube yinto ehlukile xa kufuneka uvikeleke ngokuphela ukungabi ngezixhobo kwiimizuzwana eziphambeneyo kwiindlela zaseDM.
Ukulandelana nezimpendulo ze-OSHA, ze-NFPA fanyeke nezaleli ze-ISO akukho lokho kuphela ukulayisha amabhokisi kumelwe kwenziwe ngokwemali fanyeke kwenze intambo yasebenzisweni ibe yimali ngamanye amanye. Lapho izinkampani zenza izikhathi ezihlanu ngokuphelele kwezifisile zazo, akukho kuphela ukuthi amabhokisi adingekayo kwenziwe ngokwemali engqondweni kodwa ukuthi izinto zenziwa ngendlela efanele ngokwesibonelo esikhethekile. Izinkampani eziphathelene nezimpendulo eziyinhloso ezifanele zibona ukuthi kwezinyathelo ezimbalwa kanye nezinkululeko ezimbalwa nangemva fanyeke ukusebenza kweba kungenanani. Ukusebenza ngokuxhuma nabo abasebenzisi besekurithi abaqondakalayo bakhusekile ukuthi kuhlanganise neziguquko ezikhona kuzo nezindlela ezintsha ezitholwe ukuthi zifanele. Fanyeke lapho abasebenzi bazi ukuthi ubunikazi bethemba sekurithi ngokwemali ngokusebenzisa lezi zimpendulo, kune uhlu olubonakalayo kakhulu lapho abasebenzi bethemba izinselelo zabo kanye nezindlela eziphethe ngazo, ngakho ke abasebenzisa izinhlobo zokwenza izindlela ezitholakala kwezimali lapho iziphokodwa zingavamile ukuthi zingcono.
Siyakwamukela ku-CHUANGYUAN, Inkampani Yethu Ingcweti Ekucwaningeni, Ukukhiqiza Nokuthengisa Amathuluzi Omshini Onembile.Imikhiqizo Yethu Ihlanganisa Izinhlobo Eziningana, Ezifana Nomshini We-EDM, Isikhungo Somshini, Umshini Wokwenza Amapayipi, Umugqa Wokusika, Ukusika Kumugqa Wobude; I-Lathe kanye ne-Deep Hole Processing Machine, njll.
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